Pumping-engine.



No. 628,49. Patented luly 4, 399.

J. c. SMITH. PUMPING ENGINE. (Application filed July 9, 1892.)

(No Model.)

Patented July 4, !899.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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N'o. 62a,49. r

J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed Juiy 9, 1892.) (No Model.)

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No. 62s,49. Patented u 4, s99.

.. c. sM'TH. i

PUMPING ENGINE.

. (Application filed July 9, 1892.] (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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No. 628,4I9. Patented July 4, !899. J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1592.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

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Patented luly 4, !899. .l. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1892.)

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(No Model.)

i INVENTURI %6,M A W WNSSESL a/d d@ No. 628,4|9. Patented luly 4,4899.

J. C. SMITH.

PUMPING ENGINE.

(Application filed July 9, 1892.; (No Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 6.

WENEEEEE .UNITED STATES -P TnNT OFFICE;

JOHN C. SMITH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.`

PUMPING-ENGINE.

s PEcIFIcATIov forming part of Letters Patent No. 628,419,clated Jul 4,1899;

Application filed July 9, 1892, SrialNo. 439,469. (No model.)

To wlwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN C. SMTH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented new and useful improvenents in engines, wherein the power worksagainst an approximately uniform resistance and is particularly adaptedto that class of pumping-engines known as nonrotative direct-acting,driven by stean or other motive agent equivalent thereof, of which thefollowing is a specification.

In this specification I have selected and referred to stean as themotive power and have illustrated the mechanism involved in theinvention as-applied to a non-rotative direct-acting pumping-engine.

My invention relates to inprovenents in means for propelling thepumping-piston against an approxinately uniforn liquid resistancethroughout its stroke by the varying pressure of the steam in themotor-cylinder due to shutting off the flow of steam into thesteam-cylinder at any predeternined fraetional point of the stroke andpermitting the decreasing pressure of the expanding inclosed steam tofinish it. To accomplish this purpose, I transnit the pressure on thesteampiston by a lever, levers, or their mechanical equivalent to theliquid or pu m pin g piston by arranging the fulcrum between the pistonsso that the steam-piston shall move the liquidpiston against itsapproximately uniform resistance with an unvarying force thereon and sothat as the steam-pressure decreases after' the point of cut-off isreached and admission of steam is shut off froni the steam-cylinder thefulcruni of the lever shall automatically move so as to maintain therelative position of the fulcrum with relation to the power and loadthat the pressure on the steani-piston will move the liquid-piston atany point in the stroke with an equal pressure and uniform force.

In order to use the steam expansively in myimprovement, it is firstnecessary that the total pressure of steam up to the point of cuto'fl?shall be greater than the total resistance' on the 'liquid-piston, thisdifl erence being greater as the degree of expansion isincreased and theposition of the f ulcrum of the lever, levers, or meclanical equivalentsremains fixed up to that point bearinga relation to w the ends of saidlever or levers to which the tionary until the point of the sti-oke isreached y at which the inductih of steam to the cylinder is shut ofi.Hence to create and maintain a .uniform relation between the force andeffect for the remainder of the stroke the fulcrun of the lever must'beso arranged as to be changed automatically, as hereinafter referred to,and movedwith such relative velocity with the stean-piston to move theliquid-piston against its approxinately uniform resistance through theremainder of the ,sti-oke even when the total pressureof the stean hasfallen below the resistance on the liquid-piston. A corresponding changein relative velocities' of the steam and liquid pistons also takes placewith the change in the position of the fulcrum, the ratio being constantto 'the point of cut-off, the liquid-piston moving more rapidly than thesteam-piston and the ratio changing when the fulcrun is moved until theend of the stroke is approached, when the liquid-piston moves moreslowly. 4

As there is more friction to be overcome by the motive power enployed,When the mechanism for Operating the movable fulcrum is set in notion anadjustment is put on the machine, allowing the stean at its -initialpressure to enter the stean-cylinder until after the novable fulcrum hasbeen started and cutting off at that predeternined point which willleave sufficient steam-pressure to finish the stroke with the increasedwork of Shifting'the movable fulcrum.

That tny invention maybe fully understood by those skilled in the art Ihave fully and clearly illustrated a form thereof in annexed drawings,and although there are various rela- .tive arrangements of the Principalparts of the engine to make .the machine more compact I hei-ein setforth an example of such as IOO will render the nature of my inventionmost readily understood.

Figure 1 is a plan View illustrating my improvement as applied to adouble-acting 'single pump as distinguished froma dupleX pump. Fig. 1'is a plan view showing the other portion of the same, the cylinders ofwhich are supposed'to be connected together, these two'illustrationstaken together forming an entirety of a plan view of the pumping-engine.Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the enginethrough the bed-plate and steain-cylin ders. Fig. 2' is also alongitudinal vertical section through the steam-cylinder. The respectiveportions of the two illustrations taken together would form an entiretyof a longitudinal section of Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical v theengine. section of one-half of the steam-cylinder, showing the positionof the cut-off valve at thepoint at which steam is cut-oti from thesteam-cylinder, the dotted positions of the different parts in Figs. 1and l' corresponding to the position of parts in F-ig. 3. Fig. 4: is atranvserse section .through the piston-rods,

showing the bed-plate and its mechanism, to-

gether with my improved adjustable cutoft device. Figs. 5 and 6 aredetailed views of said adjustable cut-offdevice, and Fig. '7 is a planview showing a convenient arrangement of a duplex pumpingrengine withmyinprovements associated therewith. I

In the drawings and specification sinilar letters and numeralsvofreference designate similar parts.

Secured to a suitable plate or frame are the steam-cylinders A, Figs. l,1 2, 2', 3, and '7, the liquid-cylinder B, Figs. 1, 1', and 7, and thelever or working beam c' for imparting motion from the steam-piston tothe liquidpiston. The liquid-cylinder B is provided with the liquidpiston or plunger B', which is made fast to the piston-rod V. Thefrane Yis bolted to the bed-plate, as shown in Figs. 1, l', 2, 2', 4:, and 7,and assists in holding the mechanism which connects the cross-heads Dand W, respectively, in place.

Connected at one 'end to the cross-head D by the rod a and at the otherend to the crosshead W by the rod b' is the lever or working beam c',which swings on the antifrictionroller 0 forming a roller-fulcrum forthe working bean c', as shown in the drawings. The end of the workingbea-m c' next to the cross-head D is supported'by a raised portion ofthe bed-plate Z'; and the opposite end is supported by the radius-rodsd' on each side, substantially as shown. One end of the upper radius-rodis pivoted at e' to the france Y', and the corresponding end ot' thelower radius-rod is pivoted at f to the bed-plate, while the pin g'passes through the opposite ends of the radius-rods d'- and the workingbeam c' and the connecting-rod b'. Since the workng beain c' must beguded in ts movements by some means, these radius-rods d' cause the endof the working bean c' to move in the arc of a circle and resist anyforces which tend i to swing it out of position. The working beam c' isprovided with an interior central slot h', Figs. 1 and 2, which ispreferably surrounded by a ridge, as indicated in the drawings, toprovide bearings for wearing parts.. In the npper surface of the workingbean c' a little renote from the end of the slot hnext to the cross-headD is Secured the pin 'i', which acts as a trip in connection with alatch r', Figs. 1, 2, and 7, as hereinafter is more fully described.

Pivoted atj', Figs. 1, 2 and 7, to the frame Y'` and' the bed-plate isa'bell-crankJc', carrying the roller 0 of the movable fulcrum. Saidcrank is bifurcated, as shown at m', Fig. 2, from the end which embracesthe working beam c' to the dotted line n', Figs. 1 and 2, and the leverZ' moves in the slot forned by said bifurcation. The end of the lever Z'opposite the pivotal pointj' is connected by means of the rod o' withthe forward end or boss of the cross-headVV. Projectingfrom thefrontedgeof the lever l' and extending above its upper surface is a lip l To thebifurcated end of the lever 75' is journaled the antitriction-roller 0Fig. 2, said roller being confined within the slot n', and by means ofwhich the working beam and the movable fulcrum coperate conjointly. Thefianges 75 and 76 on the upper surface of the movable fulcrum form achannel or guides for the slide p', said slide being shown as engagedwith the lip Z of the lever Z and holds the movable fulcrum and thelever together through a portion of the sti-oke. The slide p' is pressedforward by the spiral spring q', which is held in place by the small pins" between the head of the slide p' and the lug or ear r', secured tothe lever The head of the small pin s' is received into an opening inthe ear r', through which it plays as the slide 13 is moved back andforth, the opposite end of the pin being attached to the slide p'. Thebell-crank levert', pivoted at i to the lever is connected at one end tothe head of the slide 19' and at the other end to the link u', whichextends froni 'said bellcranklever to the latch v'. The latch 7/ ispivoted at v to the lever 70', and the bell-oran k lever t' is held inits normal position by the spring 'm', mounted on and secured to thelever 70' at m When the positions of the lever 75' and the working beanc' change sufficiently to cause the arm of the latch o' to strikeagainst the pin i', the movement of thelatcl, communicated to thebell-crank lever t' by means of the link u', will draw back the slide13', and thereby release theleverl', which will assume the position asshown by l", Fig. 1'. Upon the release of the latch 1)' from theinfluence of .the pin Z' thesprings w' and q will return the &8,419 3without disturbin g the bell-crank t' or its connection, which it caneasily do, since the slot 19 will allow the slide p' to move back andforth upon its pivotal connections with the bell-crank lever. The objectof slot 19 is to insure connection between the lever Z' and lever 75',thereby causing the return of the working beam c' to its originalposition by the action of the friction-roller 0 and lever ashereinbefore set forth.

Although different designs of valve-gear may be used, I preferably usethat which requires the least modification to adapt the present designused on direct-acting pump machinery to my improvements.

I do not show the method of moving the main valve F, as that which is inpresent use may be readily applied by those sufliciently skilled in theart.

I show that to which my invention alludes, which is as follows: Thesteam-cylinder A is divided by the partition A' into the chambers l and2, within which the pistons C C reciprocate,irespectively, in connectionwith the piston-rods C' C', attached at their opposite ends to thecross-heads W and D. For reasons before stated the steamchest nor methodfor moving main valve F is not shown, one position of which is shown inFigs. 2, 2 and 3. Directly over the partition A' is the port or outlet Gfor the escape of the eXhaust-steam, in each side of which are the portsI-I and I, conmnnicating between the steam-chest and the chambers 1 and2. The supply of steam from the steam-chest into the ports H and I isgoverned by the main valve F. The ports Hand I are respectively providedwith the valves H' and I' and are secured to the Valve-stems J and J',which are rotated by the means hereinatter explained. In each of thevalves H' and I' are the slot K and the spring K', and by means of thisconstruction the valves are capable of an up and down as Well as rotarymotion. To illustrate: The valve 1', Fig. 3, is closed and is heldsecurely against the valve-seat by the pressure of the live steam fromthe steam-chest and the spring K' bearing-against the stern J'; but ifthe main valve F be moved to cut off the flow of steam from thesteam-chest and at the same time opening the passage into the exhaustthe steam above the valve I' Will be practically removed and theexpansion of the steam contained in the steam-cylinder will overcome theresistance of the spring K, raise the valve from` its seat, and completethe passage from thercylinder into the eX- haust-outlet G, as is shownin Fig. 2, chamber 1.

Bolted to the bed-plate are the rocker-bearings L L, Figs. 1, 1', 4, and7, to which are respectively attached the rock-shafts M and M', eachbeing provided with the arm N. Projecting from each arm N from the sidesnext to the cross-heads D and E are the ears N' and N Connection is madebetween the i arms Nand the valvestems Jand J' by means rocker-arms N N.The ears N' and N of the rocker-arms N are not long enough to interferewith the cut-off device, nor are the pins P' of sufiicient length tocome in contact with the rocker-arms but when the cross-head carries thecut-oi? device bythe rocker-arms the pin P' strikes one or the other ofthe ears N' N according to the direction in which the crosshead istraveling, and carries the rocker-arm overuntil the pin is clear of, theear, tlerehy rotating the valve.

The adjustable cut-otfdevicc P isbest shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The pin P'is Secured to the block Q, which is reciprocated in a grooVe in the bodyof the device by means of the screw Q'. The block Q, is retained inplace in the groove by the face-plates R and R', which are attached tothe main body of the cut-off device P. Upon the face-plate R' is thescale S, Fig. 5, and the pointer T, projec'ting from the block Q abovethe center of the pin P', in connection with the scale F,-

serves as a guide for adjusting the pin P' so as to strike the ear N' ofthe corresponding rocker-arm later,or vice Versa,therebycutt*ing of'steam from the cyiinder later or earlier, as may be desired. The screwQ' is turned by means of the head U or otherwise.

The action of the engine is as follows: Figs. 1 and 2 show the positionin the stean-cylinder, chamber 1, at the end of a stroke. Figs. l' and2' show the steam-piston in chamber 2 at the beginning of a stroke, withthe accompanying mechanism in the relative position. The dotted lines inFigs. l and 1' represent the position of the general parts when thepiston in chamber 2 has reached that point of the stroke in which steamis shut off from chamber 2 of the steam-cylinder, as before stated. Thepin P'of the adjustable cut-ofi device P,which is attached forconvenience to the cross-head D,comes in contact with the earN'andthrows the rocker-arm N, which closcs the cutb valve I, as shown inFig. 3. The position which the various members will occupy at the endofthe stroke of the piston in the chamber 2 and the beginning of thestroke in chamber l will be the exact reverse of that fully illustratedin Figs. 1, l', 2, and 2'. Hence it is not deemed necessary to encumberthis case with additional drawings to show the same. Since the valve I'is open, the steam at its initial pressure will flow from the steamchestthrough the port I into the chamber 2-of the steam-cylinder A and drivethe piston forward in the direction of the arrow until the point ofcut-off is reached,as before described, when the valve I' is closed andthe remainder of the stroke must be accomplished by the prcssure of theexpanding of the inclosed steam which is confined in chamber 2. Thelever l has now reached the end of the slot IOO IIO

' in the movable fulcrum 76', (indicated by the i dotted line, Figs. 1and 2,) and the lever k' 4 &8,419

moves on the pointj', carrying the fulcrum of the working beam c'(represented by the roller with it, Fig. 2, from the extremity of theslot h', which it Originally occupied, 'to the opposite extremity,thereby assisting the steam-piston to complete its stroke. This resultis wellnnderstood, as the nearer the fulcru'm is carried to a given loadthe less power it will' take to move said load. In this case the load isrepresented by the pressure on the piston B' of the liquid-cylinder B,and as the lever k' turns upon its pivot the fulcrum of the working beamc' approaches the load, and the pressure reqniredto move the piston inchamber 2, together with the liquid-piston B', lessens accordinglyat thetime When the actual pressure of steam in said cylinder is actuallydecreasing, which is a distinguishing feature and material advantage ofmy improvements'. As the piston-rodV and the cross-head W are i drivenforward by the means stated above,

the lever Z', bearingwith its lip 1 against the slide 13' of thebell-crank k', causes said bell- `-crank to turn upon its pivot, thusbringing the fulcrum of the working beam continually nearer the loadrepresented by the piston in the chamber 1. When the extremity of theslot 'n' near the pin i' is reached by the roller 0 Fig. 1, then, bymeans of the pin 7," in its engagement with the arm *of the latch v' andthe operative intervening paris heretofore described, the slide 13' iswithdrawn, thereby releasing the lever Z', which permits the workingbeam to finish its stroke. The piston in the chamber 1 is in themeantime driven toward the partition a' of the cylinder and forces theeXhaust-steam through the ports H and G,

the valve H' being lifted from its seat by the pressure of said steam,and When at the end of a return stroke the pin'of the cutoff device P onthe cross-head D comes in contact with the ear N of'the rocker-arm N thevalve H is opening by rotation, the main valve F,shifted by the ordinarymeans, as before noted, opening the port H for the admission of stea-mand opening the port I into the eXhaust-port G. The piston in chamber 1is now ready to make its stroke, performing the same work as that justperformed ,by the piston in chamber 2, making the pump automatic anddouble-acting in its action.

A convenient form of duplex pumping-engine is shown in Fig. 7 toillustrate the application of the above-described mechanism to thatclass of engine.

To start the engine When the cut-off valves shut off steam from thechest to the cylinder, it is 'but necessary to open that cut-off whichshuts ofl' the steam by moving the rocker-arm N until the engine beginsto move the piston to the end of its stroke, when it reve'ses its motionautomatically.

i I ters Patent, is

l. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of awork-ing beam pivotally connected to the respective pistons and a leverhaving one arm movably connected in the Workingbeam to form a varyingfulcrum therefor and the other arm connected to the liquid-piston,whereby thepressnre on the liquid-piston is maintained substantiallyuniform by the varying position of the engagement of said lever with theworking beam.

2., The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aworking beam between the pistons, and a lever having anantomatically-slidin g connection to the working beam and positiveconnection to the liquidpiston, whereby the fulcrum of the working beamis constantly'changed and a varying pressure of the steam operates tomaintain a substantially uniform pressure of the liquidpiston by thevaryiug position of the fulcrnm of the working beam.

3. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aworking beam pivotally connected' to the respective pistons, a leverhaving a movable fulerum on which the working beam rocks, and meanssubstantially as described to move the lever and change the location ofthe fulcrum as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination with the stean-piston and the liquid-piston, ot' aworkin g beam connected to the respective pistons and formed with alongitudinal way or slot, a suitablyfulcrumed lever having one armmovablyengaging the slot in the working beam, and the otherend connectedto the liquid-piston substantially as'described.

5. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-.piston, of aworking beam connected to the respective pistons and formed with alongitudinal slota suitably-fulcrumed slot in the working beam to formthe fulcrum thereoi", a jointed lever fulcru med on the support of thelever engaging with the Working beam and having the other arm connectedto the liquid-piston,.and a latch to lock the lat- 'ter lever rigid'with the former lever.

6. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aworking beam connected to the respective pistons and formed With alongitudinal slot, and provided with a pin 'i', a lever Ic' suitablyfulcruumed inde-- pendent of its end connections,and having one endmova'bly connected to slide in the slot of the working beam andconstitute a fulcrum therefor, a jointed lever l 0' fulcrumed on thebearing of the'lever Ic' and the end of the other arm connected to theliquid-piston, and a latch to hold the lever Z', o' rigid with the leverk' and be released by engagement with the pin i' on the workingbeam asand for the purpose specified.

7. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aworking beam connected to the respective pistons, a moving IOO IlO

fulcrum for the Working beam and radiai arms having fixed bearing at oneend and the other end connected to the end of the Working beam,substantially as and for the pnr pose specified. i

S. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aWorking bean connected to the respective pistons, and mounted on amovabie t'nlcrum, and radial arms having fixed bearings at their innerend, and having their outer ends pivotally connected to the end of theworking beam and to the piston of the liquid-cylinder, substantially asand for the purpose specified.

9. The conbination with the stean-piston and the liquid-piston, of aWorkin g beam connecting the respective pistons and formed with alongitudinal slot and provided with a pin i' at one end of the slot, thelever 79' fulcrumed adjacent to the working bean and having its endloosely engaging in the slot of the Working beam to constitute a movablefulcrun therefor, the jointed lever Z', 0' fulcrnned on 'the hearing ofthe lever 75 and connected to the liquid-piston; and the latch V Q), u,t, p, all arranged to operate as specified.

10. The combination with the steam-piston and the liquid-piston, of aworking beam pivotally connected to the respective pistons, a movablefulcrum on which the working beam rocks, and means forautomaticaHy-shifting the fulcrum as the working beam is rocking.

ll. The combination With the stean-piston and the lquid-piston ot' apumping-engine, of a working bean having its ends pivotally connected tothe respective pistons, a i Shifting fuicrurn intermediate of the endsof the Working bean on which the working beam rocks, and means forautomatically shifting the fulcrum while the working beam is inoperation, substantially as described.

In testimony Whereof I atfix my signature in presenceof two witnesses.

JOHN C. SMITH. witnesses:

W. H. BURRIDGE, L. F. GRISWOLD.

